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Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Diegueno Food, Winter Use Food
Berries dried for winter use and boiled like raisins.
Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Diegueno Other, Toys & Games
Berries crushed by children when playing 'soda pop.'
Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Houma Drug, Analgesic
Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Houma Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of bark used as a wash for swelling.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Houma Drug, Tonic
Wine made from berries taken as a tonic.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Houma Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Stalks formerly used for blowguns.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic
Poultice of bark applied for headaches.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic
Decoction of bark taken as a physic.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic
Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Decoction of flowers with other plants used as medicine to soak corn seeds before planting.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 19
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid
Compound poultice of plants and leaves applied to swellings of all kinds.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid
Compound poultice of powdered roots and bark applied to baby's unhealed navel.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of bark applied to cuts.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Emetic
Infusion of bark taken as a spring emetic and to vomit up gall.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge
Berries used for fevers.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Plant used for stomach troubles.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Heart Medicine
Infusion of pith taken for heart disease.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Kidney Aid
Decoction of bark taken for the kidneys.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Laxative
Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Laxative
Infusion of bark taken as a laxative.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid
Infusion of bark taken to vomit up gall.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Compound decoction of plants taken for diphtheria.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Infusion of bark taken for the measles.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Infusion of berries taken and poultice applied to swellings caused by mumps.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid
Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid
Compound poultice of powdered roots and bark applied to baby's unhealed navel.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid
Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified
Berries used for convalescents.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid
Compound infusion used as wash on parts affected by venereal disease.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid
Decoction of pith taken for gonorrhea.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake
Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Dried Food
Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Fruit
Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Porridge
Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and mixed with bread meal or hominy in winter.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish
Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish
Berries used as a sauce.
Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish
Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Menominee Drug, Febrifuge
Infusion of dried flowers used as a febrifuge.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 27
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Menominee Other, Toys & Games
Stems, after punching out the pith, used by children to make pop guns.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Drug, Cathartic
Inner bark of young shoots used as a purgative.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Drug, Diuretic
Inner bark of young shoots used as a diuretic.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of bark used in extremely difficult cases of parturition.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Drug, Pulmonary Aid
Root bark used to free lungs of phlegm.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Food, Fruit
Berries eaten raw.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Food, Preserves
Berries cooked without sugar into a conserve.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Other, Insecticide
Inner bark of young shoots used as a repellant for flies and insects.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Meskwaki Other, Toys & Games
Branch joints used as water squirt guns for playing or pop guns for shooting pith corks.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Micmac Drug, Cathartic
Berries, bark and flower used as a purgative and bark used as a physic.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
American Elder
USDA SANIC4
Micmac Drug, Emetic
Berries, bark and flower used as a purgative and bark used as an emetic.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61